Vai al contenuto| Home page|

   Ti trovi in: HOME »Programmi, progetti e risultati »I progetti »PRIN - Programmi di ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale»Programma di ricerca
INIZIO_TESTO_DA_INDICIZZARE

RESEARCH PROGRAM

italiano - inglese
Research Units
Similar research programs:
Scientific and education field classification
International Patent Classification
  • ELECTRICITY
    • BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
      • SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (use of semiconductor devices for measuring G01; details of scanning-probe apparatus, in general G12B21/00; resistors in general H01C; magnets, inductors, transformers H01F; capacitors in general H01G; electrolytic devices H01G9/00; batteries, accumulators H01M; waveguides, resonators or lines of the waveguide type H01P; line connectors, current collectors H01R; stimulated emission devices H01S; electromechanical resonators H03H; loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers H04R; electric light sources in general H05B; printed circuits, hybrid circuits, casings or constructional details of electric apparatus, manufacture of assemblages of electrical components H05K; use of semiconductor devices in circuits having a particular application, see the subclass for the application) [C0103]
  • PHYSICS
    • PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY (reproduction of pictures or patterns by scanning and converting into electrical signals H04N)
      • HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS (holograms, e.g. point holograms, used as ordinary optical elements G02B5/32; producing stereoscopic or other three-dimensional effects G02B27/22; diffraction-grating systems G02B27/44; systems using moirÞ fringes G02B27/60; optical logic elements G02F3/00; stereo-photography G03B35/00, G03C9/00; analogue computers performing mathematical operations with the aid of optical elements G06E3/00; holographic digital storage G11C17/00)
      • PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR; (phototypographic composing devices B41B; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes G03C; electrophotography, sensitive layers or processes therefor G03G)
Geographical classification
Bibliografia
[1]J. C. Wyant and V. P. Bennett, "Using Computer Generated Hologram to Test Aspheric Wavefronts", APPLIED OPTICS, Vol. 12, page 2833(1972)

[2]Pruss C, Reichelt S, Tiziani HJ, et al., "Computer-generated holograms in interferometric testing", OPTICAL ENGINEERING 43 (11), 2534-2540, (2004)

[3]Pan FY, Burge J, "Efficient testing of segmented aspherical mirrors by use of reference plate and computer-generated holograms. I. Theory and system optimization", APPLIED OPTICS 43 (28), 5303-5312 (2004)

[4]Pan FY, Burge J, Anderson D, et al., "Efficient testing of segmented aspherical mirrors by use of a reference plate and computer-generated holograms. II. Case study, error analysis, and experimental validation", APPLIED OPTICS 43 (28): 5313-5322 (2004)

[5]J.C. Crano and R.J. Guglielmetti (Eds.), Organic Photochromic and Thermochromic Compounds, Volume 1, Main Photochromic Families, Plenum Press, New York, 1999.

[6]J.C. Crano and R.J. Guglielmetti (Eds.), Organic Photochromic and Thermochromic Compounds, Volume 2, Physicochemical Studies, Biological Applications, and Thermochromism, Plenum Press, New York, 1999.

[7]H. Durr and H. Bouas-Laurent (Eds.), Photochromism: Molecules and Systems, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990.

[8]M. Irie, “Diarylethenes for Memories and Switches”, Chem. Rev., 100, pp.1685-1716, 2000.

[9]Stellacci F., Bertarelli C., Toscano F., Gallazzi M.C., Zotti G., Zerbi G., “A High Quantum Yield Diarylethene-Backbone Photochromic Polymer”, Adv. Mater., 11, pp. 292-295, 1999.

[10]Bertarelli C., Bianco A., Boffa V., Mirenda M., Gallazzi, M. C., Zerbi G. “Poly-dithienylethene-alt-1,4-divinylenephenylene: the molecular weight in diarylethene photochromic polymers”, Adv. Func. Mat., 14 (11), 1129-1133, 2004.

[11]Bertarelli C., Gallazzi, M. C., Stellacci F., Zerbi G., Stagira S., Nisoli M., De Silvestri S., “Ultrafast photoinduced ring-closure dynamics of a diarylethene polymer”, Chem. Phys Lett., 359, pp. 278-282, 2002.

[12]Lucotti A., Bertarelli C., Zerbi G., "Optical' fatigue in a solid state diarylethene polymer"
Chem. Phys. Lett., 392 (4-6), 549-554, 2004.

[13]F. Stellacci F., Bertarelli C., Toscano F., Gallazzi M.C., Zerbi G., “Diarylethene-Based Photochromic Rewritable Optical Memories: on the Possibility of Reading in the mid-Infrared”, Chem. Phys. Lett., 302, pp. 563-570, 1999.

[14]Bianco A., Bertarelli C., Rabolt J. F., Zerbi G., "Diarylethenes with electro-active substituents: a theoretical study to understand the effect on the IR spectrum and a simple way to read optical memory in the mid-IR.", Chem. Mat., 17, 869-874, 2005.

[15]Molinari E., Zerbi G., Bortoletto F., Bertarelli C., Bianco A., Conconi P., Gallazzi M.C., Giro E., Mazzoleni R., Pernechele C., Zerbi F.M., “Photochromic polymers for erasable focal plane masks and re-writable volume phase holographic gratings”, Proceedings of San Diego SPIE 2001, Vol. #4485-72, 469-477.

[16]Bianco A., Bertarelli C., Gallazzi M.C, Zerbi G., Giro E., Molinari E., “Smart focal plane masks: rewritable photochromic films for astronomical multi object spectroscopy”, Astron. Nachr., 326 (5) 370–374, 2005.

[17]Bertarelli C., Gallazzi MC, Zerbi G., Bianco A., Molinari E., Giro E., “Diarylethenes in astrophysics: From Materials to Devices”, Mol. Cryst Liq. Cryst, 430, 187-192, 2005.
Keywords
HOLOGRAPHY, FREE FORM OPTICS, PHOTOCHROMISM, OPTICAL FILM, MODULATION OF THE REFRACTIVE INDEX, OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Photochromic polymers as active materials for innovative reference surfaces for optical interferometry

Politecnico di Milano
Abstract
Diarylethenes showing peculiar photochromic properties will be produced as active layers in reference surfaces for optical interferometry. The innovation of the project lies in the realization of rewritable reference surfaces (computer generated holograms, CGH) which exploit the reversibility of the photochromic process. As a consequence, only one device will be needed for interferometric measurements of free form optics.
The two research units have already collaborated in developing photochromic devices for astronomical instrumentation and the project will benefit fof the results obtained from previous works.
Concerning the synthesis of the targeted materials, optimization of the contrast, of the quantum yield values and of the refractive index modulation will be the guidelines for the design of the photochromic molecules. The materials which fulfill the requirements will be processed into films through solution techniques. For each film the contrast in specific wavelength ranges, the optical quality of the surface and the wavefront distortion will be determined. A suitable set-up for interferometric measurements will be implemented starting from the equipment (Fizeau interferometer)already available. Moreover, a setup for the writing process of the photochromic layers will be built. It will have to be characterized by high resolution and good repeatability. As preliminary measurement of the functionality of the proposed system, CHGs will be written on the >>>

Principal Investigator
Giuseppe Zerbi Politecnico di MILANO
Research Objectives
The development of very large telescopes with mirror diameters larger than 10-20 meters, known as Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), is a challenge for the design of new optical instrumentations in the astromonomical field.
The design of such instrumentations will find an important breakthrough with the availability of non traditional optics, such as variable curvature surfaces or even more challenging free-form optics. Even if actual optical manufacturing technologies allow to work very complex shapes, it is not always possible to verify the quality of such surfaces. Consequently, the availability of suitable metrology set-ups for such complex optics is very important.

The objectives of this project are:
- the design and synthesis of new organic materials with peculiar optical properties;
- the use of such materials as optical substrates suited for rewritable reference surfaces for interferometric tests;
The final goal of this research project is to develop an integrated metrology system for free-form optics.

To achieve these aims, two different research groups with complementary know-hows will work together onto this project. The group of Politecnico of Milan (RU1) has a wide experience in the research and development of functional organic materials and in their characterization/trasformation; the other group at the Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (RU2) involved in the our joint project, currently carries on the >>>

Timescale
24 months
National and international background
The development of optical technologies has allowed in the last years advances in many scientific and technological fields. For example astrophysics has made great strides exploiting the opportunities coming from the new ground and space telescopes. Photonics has allowed to control efficiently the industrial processes, moreover many diagnostic techniques take advantages from the progress in photonics and they are able to measure, with high accuracy, mechanical, thermal, optical properties.

Many emerging markets, such as digital cameras, did not have an exponential grow if there were not efficient techniques to produce polymeric lenses of good quality. The information technology is so widespread thanks also to the production of more and more miniaturized integrated circuits; it was possible only through the development of very precise aspheric lenses.

Each step forward in the optical manufacturing (more and more complex) has gone on in parallel to an improvement of the optical metrology, that is all the measurement techniques that permit to check the manufacturing process of the optics. At present, the frontier in such field is the "free form" optics. They consist of optical surfaces that depart from the simple spherical surface, showing a more complex design; such optics permit the improvement of the optical systems. Indeed it is possible to reduce the number of optical elements of a system increasing, consequently, the efficiency >>>