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INIZIO_TESTO_DA_INDICIZZARE

RESEARCH PROGRAM

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Scientific and education field classification
International Patent Classification
  • FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • PHYSICS
    • MEASURING (counting G06M); TESTING
      • GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS (detecting or locating foreign bodies for diagnostic, surgical or person-identification purposes A61B; means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried persons A63B29/02; investigating or analysing earth materials by determining their chemical or physical properties G01N; measuring electric or magnetic variables in general, other than direction or magnitude of the earth\'s field G01R; electronic or nuclear magnetic resonance arrangements G01R33/20; radar, sonar or analogous methods in general, detecting masses or objects involving these methods G01S)
Geographical classification
Bibliografia
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Garzanti E., Baud A. & Mascle G. 1987, Geod. Acta 1: 297-312.
Garzanti E., Critelli S. & Ingersoll R.V. 1996, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 108: 631-642.
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Guillot S., Garzanti E., Baratoux D., Marquer D., Maheo G. & De Sigoyer J. 2003, Reconstructing the total shortening history of the NW Himalaya, Geochem., Geophys., Geosyst. 4, 1064, 22p.
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Klootwijk C.T., Gee J.S., Peirce J.W., Smith G.M. & McFadden P.L. 1992, An early India-Asia contact: paleomagnetic constrains from Ninetyeast Ridge, ODP Leg 121. Geology 20: 395-398.
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Lombardo B. & Rolfo F. 2000, Two contrasting eclogite types in the Himalayas: implications for the Himalayan orogeny. J. Geodynamics 30: 37-60.
Lombardo B., Pertusati P., Rolfo F. & Visona D. 1998, First report of eclogites from the E Himalaya: Implications for the Himalayan orogeny. Mem. Soc. Geol. Padova 50: 67-68.
Lombardo B., Rolfo F. & Compagnoni R. 2000, Glaucophane and barroisite eclogites from the Upper Kaghan Nappe: implications for the metamorphic history of the NW Himalaya. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 170: 411-430.
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Keywords
HIMALAYA, TECTONIC EVOLUTION, PROVENANCE MODELS, GEOCHRONOLOGY, SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY, STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, ISOTOPE GEOLOGY

Structural, exhumational, and erosional evolution of the Himalayan Belt

Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
Abstract
The prototype belt produced by continent-continent collision, the Himalaya represents a unique natural laboratory in which to investigate mountain-building processes. A significant part of current tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentary models are based on studies of the Himalayan Range.
The researchers of all four Units involved in the present Project have long experience on Alpine-type belts in general and on the Himalayas in particular, and possess, in the fields of structural geology, igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, geochronology and sedimentary geology, the competence required to deal with all of the complex multidisciplinary aspects involved in unraveling the structural and erosional evolution of the Himalayan belt since the initial stages of continental collision. The complementarity of their expertise and experiences makes them a well-integrated research team qualified to study both deep-seated and earth-surface geological processes, and to continue a long-standing tradition of Italian geological studies in the Himalaya begun almost a century ago by Giotto Dainelli and Ardito Desio (www.ighg.it). This tradition was carried on without interruption since the late Seventies in the framework of projects financed by MURST-MIUR and Ev-K2-CNR, on themes including structural geology, igneous and metamorphic petrology and geochronology (Lombardo et al. 1993; Villa et al. 1996 a,b; Rolfo et al. 1997; Carosi et al. 1999; Lombardo & Rolfo >>>

Principal Investigator
Eduardo Garzanti Università degli Studi di MILANO-BICOCCA
Research Objectives
This new Project PRIN 2006 will allow us to begin, in collaboration with European, American, and Australian universities and research centers, key studies aimed at integrating the existing knowledge on the evolution of the Himalayan belt and associated sedimentary basins. New data collected in the field and in the laboratory will help us to test current models and to improve on our present understanding of continental-collision and mountain-building processes. The analysis of Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary sequences accumulated in foreland and remnant-ocean basins will help us to reconstruct specifically the earlier Paleo-Himalayan evolutionary stage, when the shallower structural levels of the nappe stack were eroded and thus removed forever from the orogen. Because sedimentary successions provide a virtually continuous record of the very same tectono-metamorphic events recognized by the study of rock outcrops, provenance analysis will allow us to constrain their age more accurately and independently by means of stratigraphic, thermochronological, and geochronological techniques.

Research activities will be carried out jointly by all four Research Units involved in the Project (Pisa, Torino, Padova, Milano-Bicocca), starting from close collaboration and sampling in the field. Also because of the recent deterioration of the political situation in Nepal, our attention will be focused on adjacent regions to the east, in southern and eastern Sikkim to >>>

Timescale
24 months
National and international background
The prototype belt produced by continental collision, the Himalayan Range is a unique geological laboratory. Unequalled exposure of all kind of igneous and metamorphic rocks (from coesite eclogites produced during the initial stages of continental subduction, to leucogranites generated by subsequent crustal melting, to Pleistocene granulites and migmatites exposed at the core of crustal-scale antiforms at opposite ends of the belt, where uplift rates are unsurpassed on Earth) provide ideal conditions in which to investigate active mountain-building processes. Not only a large number of current orogenic models, including tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic aspects, have been based on studies carried out here, but the Himalaya is also the largest “sediment factory” on our planet. The up to two billion tons of clastic detritus produced each year have, in the course of the Tertiary, buried wide areas of the Indian Ocean floor on both sides of the Indian subcontinent under several km-thick wedges of turbidite sand and mud.

Formed as a consequence of continental collision between India and Asia, which begun at about 55 Ma (Garzanti et al. 1987; Rowley 1996), the Himalayan belt is under every respect a typical product of plate tectonics (Le Fort 1996; Hodges 2000). The rapid northward flight of India towards Eurasia in the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene is well documented by magnetic anomalies recorded in the Indian Ocean (Powell & Conaghan 1973; Patriat &amp >>>