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INIZIO_TESTO_DA_INDICIZZARE

RESEARCH PROGRAM

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Scientific and education field classification
International Patent Classification
  • PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL (furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts in general F27)
      • SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange, C02F1/42 [N: arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05]) [C9502]
  • PHYSICS
    • MEASURING (counting G06M); TESTING
      • GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS (detecting or locating foreign bodies for diagnostic, surgical or person-identification purposes A61B; means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried persons A63B29/02; investigating or analysing earth materials by determining their chemical or physical properties G01N; measuring electric or magnetic variables in general, other than direction or magnitude of the earth\'s field G01R; electronic or nuclear magnetic resonance arrangements G01R33/20; radar, sonar or analogous methods in general, detecting masses or objects involving these methods G01S)
      • WEIGHING (sorting by weighing B07C5/16)
Geographical classification
Bibliografia
RIFERIMENTI BIBLIOGRAFICI

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Keywords
MEDITERRANEAN, PLIOCENE, CLIMATIC VARIABILITY, FORAMINIFERA, CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS, DIATOMS, POLLEN, STABLE ISOTOPES, PALEOMAGNETISM

The Middle to Late Pliocene climatic transition: a Mediterranean perspective

Università degli Studi di Padova
Abstract
An exceptionally expanded succession of Middle to Upper Pliiocene and Gelasian slope deposits cropping out in the Crotone Basin (Calabria, southern Italy) will be investigated. It consists of a cyclic alternation of intervals dominated by hemipelagic mudstones, with local turbidite interbeds, and laminated, commonly diatomitic, varved intervals. The great attractiveness of this succession is due to its exceptional stratigraphic expansion, and therefore to the potentially exceptional resolution which could be attained. A preliminary, detailed field work will be done, in order to trace the marker beds and most carefully reconstruct the local stratigraphic succession. A first sampling campaign will enable to characterize the specific features of the succession and to establish a precise chronostratigraphic frame. Subsequently, the attention will be focused on one or more laminated intervals to be selected on the basis of the exposure continuity and stratigraphic features. These will be subjected to extremely detailed sampling and investigated by means of a multidisciplinary approach, including the calcareous nannofossil and foraminiferal biostratigraphy, the palynology, the study of diatom associations, the geochemistry of trace elements, the isotopic geochemistry, the analysis of the paleomagnetic properties. Shallow boreholes will be drilled in order to obtain a continuous and well preserved record.
The aim of the project is the study of the Late Pliocene climatic >>>

Principal Investigator
Francesco Massari Università degli Studi di PADOVA
Research Objectives
The project is intended as a contribution to the study of the Middle to Late Pliocene climatic transition in the central Mediterranean area and related climatic variability on orbital and suborbital time scales, and to the reconstruction of the associated paleoceanographic setting. The investigation will be focused on a succession of slope deposits cropping out in the Crotone Basin, north of the village of Botricello (Calabria, southern Italy), which displays an exceptional stratigraphic expansion. It consists of a cyclic alternation of intervals dominated by hemipelagic mudstones, with local turbidite interbeds, and laminated, commonly diatomitic, varved intervals. Based on preliminary data, the succession can be referred to the Middle to Late Pliocene transition and to the Gelasian.
The great attractiveness of this succession is due to its exceptional stratigraphic expansion when compared to other coeval successions known from the literature, and therefore to the potentially exceptional resolution which could be attained. A preliminary, detailed field work will enable to trace the marker beds and most carefully reconstruct and characterize the local stratigraphic succession by identifying specific features such as lithology, number and thickness of the diatomite/sapropel layers, sedimentary cyclicity, and so on. A first investigation based on a sampling campaign covering the whole succession will enable to establish a precise chronostratigraphic frame and to >>>

Timescale
24 months
National and international background
The Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG) in the Pliocene was a major climatic change from a greenhouse world to a world with periodically waxing and waning ice sheets (Mudelsee and Raymo, 2005). The pronounced ice-sheet growth is marked by a progressive 18O-enrichment in benthic foraminifera d18O records and by the massive appearance of ice-rafted debris in northern high-latitude oceans since 2.7 Ma. Most attempts to explain the change appeal either to marked change in the thermohaline circulation of the oceans, or to changes in the CO2 in the atmosphere. Events in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, especially the behaviour of the valves controlling water flow into and out of them, were especially indicated as the main drivers of the Earth’s climate. In particular, the closure of the Panama Seaway is thought to be involved, by ending the advection of Pacific surface water into the Atlantic Ocean (Keigwin, 1982; Maier-Reimer et al., 1990, Haug and Tiedemann, 1998) and caused extensive changes in the ocean circulation and Northern Hemisphere climate (Keigwin, 1982; Maier-Reimer et al., 1990). It was proposed that, since 4.6 Ma, a marked increase of thermohaline circulation occurred, with intensification of Gulf Stream flow, which introduced warm and saline water masses to high northern latitudes. The evaporative cooling of surface waters during the North Atlantic Deep Water formation would have introduced moisture to the Northern Hemisphere, a necessary precondition for >>>