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RESEARCH PROGRAM

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Scientific and education field classification
International Patent Classification
  • FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • EARTH DRILLING; MINING
      • SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS (soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials C09K17/00; drilling or cutting machines for mining or quarrying E21C; safety devices, transport, rescue, ventilation or drainage E21F)
  • PHYSICS
    • MEASURING (counting G06M); TESTING
      • GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS (detecting or locating foreign bodies for diagnostic, surgical or person-identification purposes A61B; means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried persons A63B29/02; investigating or analysing earth materials by determining their chemical or physical properties G01N; measuring electric or magnetic variables in general, other than direction or magnitude of the earth\'s field G01R; electronic or nuclear magnetic resonance arrangements G01R33/20; radar, sonar or analogous methods in general, detecting masses or objects involving these methods G01S)
      • INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (separating components of materials in general B01D, B01J, B03, B07; apparatus fully provided for in a single other subclass, see the relevant subclass e.g. B01L; measuring or testing processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or micro-organisms C12M, C12Q; investigation of foundation soil in situ E02D1/00; sensing humidity changes for compensating measurements of other variables or for compensating readings of instruments for variations in humidity, see G01D or the relevant subclass for the variable measured; testing or determining the properties of structures G01M; measuring or investigating electric or magnetic properties of materials G01R; systems or methods in general, using reception or emission of radiowaves or other waves and based on propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effect, propagation time, direction of propagation, G01S; determining sensivity, graininess, or density of photographic materials G03C5/02; testing component parts of nuclear reactors G21C17/00; [N: controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; measuring degree of ionisation of ionised gases, i.e. plasma H05H1/00A; testing electrographic developer properties G03G15/08H6])
      • MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (means structurally associated with lightning or other over-voltage discharging apparatus for recording the operation thereof G01R; displaying information in general G09F; recording in a way which requires playback through a transducer G11B) [C0411]
Geographical classification
Bibliografia
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BLUNDELL D., FREEMAN R. & MUELLER S. (1992) - A continent revealed, the European Geotraverse. University Press, Cambridge, 25 maps, CD-ROM and descriptive booklet, 275 pp.
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DELLA VEDOVA B. & PELLIS G. (1980) - Deep thermal trends for the Po Valley from AGIP temperature measurements in gas andoil wells. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, Vol. XXII-86, 129-138.
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DELLA VEDOVA B., S. BELLANI, G. PELLIS, P. SQUARCI (2001) - Deep temperatures and surface heat flow distribution. In G.B. Vai, P. Martini Eds. Anatomy of an orogen, The Apennines and adjacent Mediterranean Basins (pp. 65-76). ISBN: 0-412-75040-6 DORDRECHT: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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JÄGER E. (1973) – Die alpine Orogenese im Lichte der radiometrischen Alterbestimmung. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 66, 11-21.
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Keywords
THERMOCHRONOLOGY, EXHUMATION, HEAT FLOW, TOPOGRAPHY, 3-D THERMAL MODELLING, FLUID CIRCULATION, SIMPLON TUNNEL, LEPONTINE DOME

Thermochronology and thermal modelling of collisional belts: the test-site of the Simplon tunnel

Università degli Studi di Bologna
Abstract
This project is based on the possibility of having data and samples (now stored at the Geology Musemum of Lausanne) obtained during boring of the Simplon railway tunnel. This tunnel, about 20 km long, crosses the metamorphic units of the Lepontine Dome in the central-western Alps. This sector of the Alpine chain is characterized by high exhumation and erosion rates, which caused important perturbations of the geotermal setting, as testified by the present heat flow (60-70 mW m -2) and many hydrothermal occurences. In the last years, this area has been extensively studied by using thermochronological methods, particularly fission-track analysis. These methodologies are sensitive to the thermal regime in the shallow crust and allow to give quantitative constraints to the study of tectonic and geomorphic processes. However, interpretation of data is based on some assumptions on isotherms, whose position is depending on many factors such as the variations in uplift and exhumation rates and topography, and on the kinetics of the employed thermochronological system. The aims of this project are basically methodological given that for the first time thermochronology and the analysis of the thermal setting are applied to a significant amount of samples and data from a tunnel, that is from a linear and nearly horizontal baseline.

The methodologies here used will be fission-track and (U-Th)/He analysis, both applied on apatite. Whereas fission-track analysis >>>

Principal Investigator
Massimiliano Zattin Università degli Studi di BOLOGNA
Research Objectives
The increasing interest about interaction between tectonic and surface processes has led to a growing use of low-temperature thermochronological methodologies such as fission-track and (U-Th)/He analyses on apatite. Because these methodologies are sensitive to the thermal regime in the upper 2-4 kms of the crust, they allow to give some quantitative constraints to the analysis of tectonic and geomorphic processes in collisional chains (e.g. Schlunegger & Willett, 1999). Nevertheless, many uncertainties about kinetics of fission and diffusion processes are still existing. Moroever, the thermal regime in uplifting chains is a transient process which is depending on different factors (e.g. variations in the uplift and erosion rates).
Many international projects are working on these topics but thermochronological and thermal data both from subsurface and surface are rarely available. The project is based on the collection of samples and data obtained during boring of the Simplon tunnel (20 kms long), now stored at the Geology Museum of Lausanne. Therefore, these samples provides an excellent opportunity to study the thermal setting of a segment of the Alpine chain, which is quite complex and relatively active. The tunnel crosses a massif which is in between the two seismic profiles NFP-20 west and NFP-20 east (Pfiffner et al., 1997) and is characterized by a surface heat flux of about 60-80 mW m -2 (Della Vedova et al., 2001). This area is located >>>

Timescale
24 months
National and international background
The study area is located in the Central Alps, in corrispondence of the Lepontine Dome, where Penninic units affected by Tertiary metamorphism are exposed. According to some Authors, these rocks reached peak temperatures at 35-30 Ma (Jäger, 1973; Steck & Hunziker, 1994) but some others suggest an age of 27-21 Ma (Engi et al., 1995). The metamorphic grade increase from diagenesis in the northernmost sector to the amphibolite facies close to the Insubric Line (southern border of the Lepontine Dome) and to the granulite facies in the Bergell massif. The Lepontine Dome is bordered by low-angle shear zones which allow the tectonic exhumation of the penninic units during an orogen-parallel extension (Mancktelow, 1985 and 1992). The Simplon fault zone (Mancktelow, 1992) borders the Lepontine Dome to the west and consists of: i) a 8 km broad and 10-15 km thick shear zone of strongly foliated mylonites displaying SW-NE oriented stretching lineations within the footwall (Simplon Shear Zone, Steck & Hunziker, 1994); ii) a narrow cataclisitic discontinuity (Simplon Line), clearly younger than the shear zone. The shear zone separates amphibolite from greenschist facies rocks. Similarly, the metamorphic grade during mylonitization increases with distance into the footwall towards NE. Because the age of peak metamorphism has not been well defined, also the cornology of the shear zone is strongly debated. However, most of the authors agree that the peak of thermal >>>