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INIZIO_TESTO_DA_INDICIZZARE

RESEARCH PROGRAM

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Scientific and education field classification
International Patent Classification
  • CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • CRYSTAL GROWTH (separation by crystallisation in general B01D9/00)
      • SINGLE-CRYSTAL-GROWTH (by using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds B01J3/06); UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL (zone-refining of metals or alloys C22B); PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE (casting of metals, casting of other substances by the same processes or devices B22D; working of plastics B29; modifying the physical structure of metals or alloys C21D, C22F); SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE (for producing semiconductor devices or parts thereof H01L); APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
      • PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES, AS HERBICIDES (preparations for medical, dental or toilet purposes A61K; methods or apparatus for disinfection or sterilisation in general, or for deodorising of air A61L); PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS (decoys A01M1/06; medicinal preparations A61K); PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS (compounds in general C01, C07, C08; fertilisers C05; soil conditioners or stabilisers C09K17/00) [C9908]
    • MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
      • DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (analysing biological material G01N, e.g. G01N33/48; obtaining records using waves other than optical waves, in general G03B42/00)
Geographical classification
Bibliografia
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Keywords
CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS, MAGMA ASCENT, DEGASSING, EXPERIMENTAL PETROLOGY, MICROLITES, CRYSTAL SIZE DISTRIBUTION (CSD), FLEGRIAN FIELDS, ETNA, STROMBOLI

Crystallization kinetics and time scales of magmatic proceses as recorded in volcanic rock textures

Università degli Studi di Camerino
Abstract
The crystals present in an igneous rock and the observed variations in their dimensions and compositions reflect the integrated pressure (P) –temperature (T) – composition (X) – time (t) history of the sample. Because crystals take a finite time to nucleate and grow (rates depending on undercooling, dT, composition, etc), variations in their sizes, size distributions, and compositions can provide insights into magmatic processes and their time-scales. In order to use observed variations in the textures of igneous rocks to gain quantitative insights into the timescales of magmatic processes we require quantitative information on the rates of nucleation (J) and growth (G) as a function of undercooling (dT) for the crystals and melts of interest. Unfortunately, experimental data on nucleation and growth kinetics are not abundant (none for the shoshonitic or trachytic compositions of interest in this proposal) and measured values in other magma types vary by many orders of magnitude, depending on type of crystal, melt composition and degree of undercooling. Furthermore, there are no suitable theoretical models capable of calculating nucleation and growth rates without some experimental constraints. In this proposal we seek funding to allow experimental measurements of crystal nucleation and growth rates in melts of shoshonitic, trachybasaltic and trachytic composition, for application to natural samples from Etna, Stromboli and Campi Flegrei. We will study nucleation and growth >>>

Principal Investigator
Michael Robert Carroll Università degli Studi di CAMERINO
Research Objectives
The objective of the research described in this proposal is to obtain experimental, observational and theoretical data necessary for quantitative evaluation of timescales of magmatic processes (storage, ascent, eruption) for alkaline magmas produced at Etna, Stromboli and the Campi Flegrei. In order to used observed textural variations to obtain insights into the dynamics of volcanic systems it is necessary to have quantitative information on the rates of nucleation (J) and growth (G) of crystals in the magma compositions of interest, under P-T-X conditions of interest. Experimental data for the magma compositions of interest (shoshonite, trachybasalt, trachyte) are not available, the few available studies of other magma compositions (mainly basalts and calc-alkaline rhyolites) show that J and G may vary by many orders of magnitude, and there are no suitable theoretical models capable of calculating these parameters. Of particular interest for this study is the kinetics of crystallization of plagioclase and clinopyroxene in shoshonitic and trachybasaltic (hawaiitic) melts, the kinetics of crystallization of alkali feldspar and plagioclase in trachytic melts, and the relations between magma ascent dynamics, crystallization kinetics, and textural evolution of phenocryst and groundmass crystal populations. The major questions to be answered include the following:

1. how does growth rate (G) vary with undercooling [dT=T-T(liquidus)] and melt composition >>>

Timescale
24 months
National and international background
Studies of the equilibrium properties of magmatic systems have a long history and today the basic phase relations are known for a wide variety of magma types under a broad range of P-T-X conditions. There also exist quite advanced thermodynamic models for calculating phase relations in complex natural systems (e.g., Ghiorso et al., 1983, and numerous subsequent revisions) The same cannot be said for kinetic aspects of magmas, such as the rates of crystal nucleation and growth, yet it is these parameters that ultimately control the textures that are observed. The crystals present in an igneous rock and the observed variations in their dimensions and compositions reflect the integrated pressure (P) –temperature (T) – composition (X) – time (t) history of the sample. Because crystals take a finite time to nucleate and grow, variations in their sizes, size distributions, and compositional variations can provide insights into magmatic processes and their time-scales. Such information is complementary to time scale information provided by studies of short-lived radiogenic isotopes (e.g., U-series isotopes), which typically provide information on timescales on the order of 10^3 to 10^5 years (e.g., Hawkesworth et al., 2000; Turner et al., 2000). Recent improvements in analytical methods for U-series isotopes should soon allow more reliable extension of these isotopic methods to overlap the timescales (hours to days to centuries) sampled by studies of textural variations and Crystal >>>