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RESEARCH PROGRAM
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Research Units
Similar research programs:
- 1 - Development of novel bioinsecticides
- 2 - Molecular analysis of erythropoiesis: Post-genomic and functional approach
- 3 - Diverse lectin repertoires in protochordate models. Evolution of recognition and innate immunity mechanisms
- 4 - Molecular features of protein conformational diseases. Role of environmental factors on the structural changes of proteins for the design and the synthesis of agents with antiaggregating, antioxidant, antiglycating and chelating activity and for application in diagnostics.
- 5 - STRUCTURAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON INSECT REPRODUCTION
- 6 - Cytoskeletal functional genomics: gene evolution, structural properties and molecular adaptation in the tubulin superfamily.
- 7 - Supramolecular complexes of sorcin in the generation and regulation of Calcium-dependent cellular functions
- 8 - New methods for searching food allergens, also in trace amount, both of plant and animal origin.
- 9 - The mechanism of cytokinesis: identification of new cytokinesis genes and regulation of the process.
- 10 - From the study of global regulation of gene expression to the study of virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Scientific and education field classification
- Field: Scienze biologiche
- Field: Scienze agrarie e veterinarie
International Patent Classification
- CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES OR MICRO-ORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF (biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, enzymes, fermentates or substances produced by or extracted from micro-organisms or animal material A01N63/00; food compositions A21, A23; medicinal preparations A61K; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; fertilisers C05); PROPAGATING, PRESERVING OR MAINTAINING MICRO-ORGANISMS (preservation of living parts of humans or animals A01N1/02); MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA (micro-biological testing media C12Q)
- BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
Geographical classification
- Region: Toscana
Bibliografia
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Keywords
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION, OLFACTION, INSECTS, MASS SPECTROMETRY, IMAGING MASS SPECTROMETRY, ODORANT BINDING PROTEINS, POLISTES, APIS MELLIFERA, ANOPHELESIdentification and expression analysis of proteins involved in chemical communication in three model insects using innovative mass spectrometry techniques (De novo sequencing, Top-down sequencing e Imaging Mass Spectrometry).
Università degli Studi di FirenzeAbstract
The Project is focused on the study of OBPs (Odorant Binding Proteins) and CSPs (ChemoSensory Proteins) (proteins expressed in the sensillar lymph where they ferry the odorants to the membrane olfactory receptors) in three species of insects, using innovative mass spectrometry (MS) techniques.The three proposing Units have a long experience on the species selected (Anopheles gambiae, the social wasp Polistes dominulus and Apis mellifera) and two of them have been studying insect chemical communication for long time.
An. gambiae is among the most studied organisms, being the major vector of malaria. Since olfaction is important in host seeking, chemical perception has been studied in this species and information based on a genomic approach is available for OBPs and CSPs. The paper wasp P. dominulus and the honeybee, although both social species, show considerable differences in colony organization. Polistes have in fact smaller colonies and limited castal dimorphism. As generally in social insects, chemical communication plays a central role in colony organization of these species.
Proteomic studies in insects may encounter paramount problems due to the tiny amount of target proteins. This could be the reason why no direct studies of OBPs and CSPs have been done in Anopheles. However, innovative MS techniques (MALDI; ESI; MS/MS; MSn; IMS i.e. Imaging MS, FT-MS) allow now detection, mapping and sequencing of proteins in very low amounts. Moreover: (i >>>
Principal Investigator
Stefano Turillazzi Università degli Studi di FIRENZEResearch Objectives
The research Programme is aimed at the study of OBPs (Odorant Binding Proteins) and CSPs (ChemoSensory Proteins) and on the analysis of their expression in three model species of insects, using innovative mass spectrometry techniques. Both these families of proteins are believed to play a central role in insect chemical perception, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Both OBPs and CSPs are expressed in high concentrations in the lymph surrounding the olfactory neurons in the chemosensilla, where they ferry hydrophobic odorants and pheromones to the membrane receptors.The three Units of this Programme have a long experience in the study of the species of choice for the study: the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, the social wasp Polistes dominulus and the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Moreover two Units have a long tradition in the study of insect chemical communication with regard to semiochemical identification and biochemistry of perception.
The selected species present different biology and behaviour, as well as different interests with regard to their impact on human health and economics. An. gambiae is among the most intensively studied organisms, being the major vector of malaria in Africa. Since olfaction has shown to be important in host seeking by mosquito females, several studies on the implied chemical cues and on the molecular basis of chemical perception have been undertaken in recent years. Thanks to these, some >>>
Timescale
24 monthsNational and international background
Chemical signals regulate most aspects of insect life and behaviour. Both volatile and non-volatile compounds are exchanged between individuals of the same species to convey information about sex, social status, physiological condition, danger, territory, etc. Beside all this, chemical communication play a central role in colony organization in social insects. In addition, insects get important information on their environment through chemicals released by plants or other animal species. It is on such signals that, among all, symbiotic as well as host-parasite ecological relationships are based (Wyatt, 2003; Eisner, 2003 ).Understanding the mechanisms underlying chemical communication in their details would enable us to interfere with messages that insects exchange and with the information they get from the environment, in order to control populations of pests in agriculture, disease vectors, as well as of beneficial insects (pollinators and natural enemies of pests) (Howse et al., 1997).
Insect species differ enormously in their ecology. Life span can vary between a few days and years, insects can lead a solitary life or live in colonies of millions of individuals, they can feed on a single or on many species of plants, or else they can be carnivorous or parasitic. Moreover, despite their generally brief life, insects show remarkable changes in their physiology and behaviour in different life phases (e.g. changes from a solitary to a gregarious phases as it >>>



