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RESEARCH PROGRAM
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Research Units
Similar research programs:
- 1 - NGF and related neurotrophins in animal models: biological effects on neural cells
- 2 - Role of cytokines and hormones of gastrointestinal and adipocyte origin in the pathogenesis of obesity and its complications
- 3 - Orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides as components of an integrated system regulating gastrointestinal motility and cardiac activity
- 4 - INTERACTION BETWEEN PARS (PAR-1 and PAR-2)AND TLR (TLR-2 and TLR-4) RECEPTORS IN LUNG INFLAMMATION: A MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL STUDY.
- 5 - Ghrelin: peripheral actions on tissues, hormones and metabolism
- 6 - CELL CYCLE CONTROL BY LIGANDS OF NUCLEAR RECEPTORS
- 7 - Molecular mechanisms of neurotrophins and their precursors in synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration
- 8 - BEHAVIOURAL, CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR EFFECTS OF ENDOGENOUS ACYLETHANOLAMIDE
- 9 - New pathophysiologcal approaches for novel therapeutical perspectives of cholangiocarcinoma
- 10 - Role of endocannabinoids in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function
Scientific and education field classification
- Field: Scienze agrarie e veterinarie
- Field: Scienze biologiche
- Field: Scienze mediche
International Patent Classification
- CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulfides, or oxysulfides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid or salts thereof C01; products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds C01B33/44; macromolecular compounds C08; dyes C09; fermentation products C12; fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition or to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture C12P; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25B3/00, C25B7/00)
- PEPTIDES (peptides in foodstuffs A23; obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs, working-up proteins for foodstuffs A23J; preparations for medicinal purposes A61K; peptides containing beta-lactam rings C07D; cyclic dipeptides not having in their molecule any other peptide link than those which form their ring, e.g. piperazine-2,5-diones, C07D; ergot alkaloids of the cyclic peptide type C07D519/02; macromolecular compounds having statistically distributed amino acid units in their molecules, i.e. when the preparation does not provide for a specific; but for a random sequence of the amino acid units, homopolyamides and block copolyamides derived from amino acids C08G69/00; macromolecular products derived from proteins C08H1/00; preparation of glue or gelatine C09H; single cell proteins, enzymes C12N; genetic engineering processes for obtaining peptides C12N15/00; compositions for measuring or testing processes involving enzymes C12Q; investigation or analysis of biological material G01N33/00)
- ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (such compounds as the oxides, sulfides, or oxysulfides of carbon, cyanogen, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid or salts thereof C01; products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds C01B33/44; macromolecular compounds C08; dyes C09; fermentation products C12; fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition or to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture C12P; production of organic compounds by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25B3/00, C25B7/00)
- HUMAN NECESSITIES
- AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL, OR TOILET PURPOSES (bringing into special physical form A61J [N: mechanical aspects]; chemical aspects of, or use of materials for deodorisation of air, for disinfection or sterilisation, or for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles A61L; compounds per se C01, C07, C08, C12N; soap compositions C11D; micro-organisms per se C12N) [C0203]
- AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
Geographical classification
- Region: Piemonte
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Keywords
PEPTIDES, ENDOCRINE CELLS, NEURONS, SOMATOSTATIN, CORTISTATIN, GHRELIN, METABOLISM, NEUROTRANSMISSION, TUMORSSomatostatin and related peptides: distribution, biological effects, and characterization of transgenic models
Università degli Studi di TorinoAbstract
This project derives from the collaboration of four research groups each possessing specific expertise/background in cellular and structural morphology, electrophysiology, pathology and histopathology, pharmacology and endocrinology. By such a mutifaceted approach this program will aim to clarify some cellular and molecular mechanisms that undierlie the biological effects of somatostatin and two related peptides (cortistatin and ghrelin) in different experimental models in vitro and in vivo, and in human tissues. These biologically active peptides display pleiotropic functions, many of which are of potential applicative interest. Therefore we will primarily address:- the comparative distribution in the neuroendocrine system on KO mice, human fetal and adult material, tumors of nervous and/or neuroendocrine origin;
- the regulatory effects on proliferation and apoptosis in normal and pathological nerve cells, endocrine cells or hematological cells;
- the analysis of the endocrine-metabolic profile and evaluation of the physio-pathological and pharmacological responses in phlogistic conditions and somatic and visceral hyperalgesia in single/double KO mice;
- the short-term modulation of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission within the superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn with particular emphasis on pain neurotrasmission in acute and chronic conditions;
- the short and long-term modulation of inhibitory >>>
Principal Investigator
Adalberto Merighi Università degli Studi di TORINOResearch Objectives
The main goal of this program will be to clarify some cellular and molecular mechanisms that undierlie the biological effects of somatostatin and two related peptides (cortistatin and ghrelin) by using a multidisciplinary approach in different experimental models in vitro and in vivo.The four units collaborating to the project will liaise with each others in term of exchange of technical expertise and cultural background. Each group will primarily address one or more of the following major issues of somatostatin biology:
- Comparative distribution in the neuroendocrine system on KO mice, human fetal and adult material, tumors of nervous and/or neuroendocrine origin;
- Regulatory effects on proliferation and apoptosis in normal and pathological nerve cells, endocrine cells or hematological cells;
- Analysis of the endocrine-metabolic profile and evaluation of the physio-pathological and pharmacological responses in phlogistic conditions and somatic and visceral hyperalgesia in single/double KO mice;
- Short-term modulation of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission within the superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn with particular emphasis on pain neurotrasmission in acute and chronic conditions;
- Short and long-term modulation of inhibitory GABAergic neurotrasmission within the superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn with particular emphasis on the regulation of the inhibitory tone of substantia >>>
Timescale
24 monthsNational and international background
Somatostatin as a pleiotropic peptideBioactive peptides, cytokines and growth factors represent the principal types of chemical messengers. Classically, the term bioactive peptides designate a group of hormones and neuromediators of petidic nature. Cytokines are mediators of the cell communication in the immune system whereas, growth factors represent signal molecules controlling cell division and/or differentiation notably during embryonic development. Distinction between these three families of polypeptides/glycoproteins is more historical and didactic than functional. Indeed, there is often no clear distinction between the three families and, more importantly, the same peptide might functionally belong to all three families, being released by a multitude of cell types and thus displaying pleiotropic effects [1].
Concerning the relevant receptors, there are slight differences in the way the ligand triggers the initial
receptor activation upon binding, but the final cellular response is elaborated according to a common, general principle consisting in activation of different types of protein kinases. In the case of bioactive peptides, receptors are made of a single polypeptide chain spanning the plasma membrane in seven transmembrane domains and are coupled to G-proteins (G-protein-coupled receptors or GPCRs). In all cases, protein kinase-driven phosphorylation results in functional alteration of down-stream effectors (ion channels >>>
