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INIZIO_TESTO_DA_INDICIZZARE

RESEARCH PROGRAM

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Scientific and education field classification
International Patent Classification
  • FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • EARTH DRILLING; MINING
      • SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
  • MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING ENGINES OR PUMPS
  • PHYSICS
    • MEASURING (counting G06M); TESTING
      • MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME (milk flow sensing devices in milking machines or devices A01J5/01; measuring or recording blood flow A61B5/02, A61B8/06; metering media to the human body A61M5/168; burettes or pipettes B01L3/02; arrangements of liquid volume meters or volume-flow meters in liquid-delivering apparatus, e.g. for retail sale purposes, B67D5/16; pumps, fluid motors, details common to measuring or metering devices and pumps or fluid motors F01 to F04; [N: sampling G01N1/00]; locating, determining distance or velocity using reflection or reradiation of radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S; systems for ratio control G05D11/00; [N: coin-freed apparatus for metering flow of liquid or gas G07F15/00]) [C9607]
Geographical classification
Bibliografia
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[2] Chow W. K., “Simulation of tunnel fires using a zone model” (1996). “Tunnelling and Underground Space Tecnology”, Vol. 11, Elsevier Science Ltd, p. 221-236.
[3] Forney G. P., Moss W. F. (1994). “Analyzing and exploiting numerical characteristics of zone fire models”. Fire Science and Technology, Vol. 14, No. 1/2, p. 49-60.
[4] Ferro V., Borchiellini R., Giaretto V. (1991). "Description and Application of a Tunnel Simulation Model" "Aerodynamics and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels" Elsevier Applied Science, London, pag. 487÷512.
[5] Borchiellini R., Ferro V., Giaretto V., (2002). “Longitudinal air velocity control in a road tunnel during a fire event”. International Conference on Tunnel safety and ventilation, Graz, pp. 270-278.
[6] Borchiellini R., Calì M., Giaretto V., Verda V., (2002). “One-dimensional model of smoke propagation in long tunnels'”, Eurotherm seminar n. 70 "Physical and mathematical modelling of fires in enclosures and fire protection", Torino, pp. 203-211.
[7] Borchiellini R., Calì M., Giaretto V., Vannelli G., Verda V., (2003). “Reflection on the importance of monitoring and control after the Mont Blanc tunnel fire event”, 5th International Conference Safety in Road and Rail Tunnels, Marseille, pp. 39-48.
[8] Borchiellini R., Calì M., Verda V., Martini M. (2003). “Un approccio ibrido 1D-3D per lo studio termofluidodinamico di gallerie di grande lunghezza in caso di incendio”, Congresso Nazionale UIT, Udine.
[9] Martegani A.D., Pavesi G., Barbetta, C., 1994. “An experimental study on the longitudinal ventilation system” 8th Int. Symp. on Aerodynamics and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels, Liverpool, July 6-8 1994 pp. 3-15 <br />[10] Martegani A. D., Pavesi G., Barbetta C., 2000. “Experimental investigation of interaction of plain jet fans mounted in series”. Bhr Group Conference Series Publication, Vol. 43, pag. 1055-1078.
[11] Mousquès P., Dirion J. L., Grouset D. (2001). “Modelling of solid particles pyrolysis”, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 58-59, pag. 733-745.
[12] Moghtaderi B., Novozhilov V., Fletcher D., Kent J. H. (1997). “Integral model for the transient pyrolysis of solid materials”, Fire and Materials, vol. 21, n. 1, pag. 7-16.
[13] Brunello P., Zecchin R. (1993). "A Monte-Carlo approach for the design of high temperature heating panels", Symposium "Energy Conservation in the Built Environment", CIB Publication 152, IRB-Verlag, Stoccarda, Germania.
[14] Brunello P., Peron F., Barbieri C., Fornasier F. (2000). "Baffling system for the WAC instrument of the Rosetta Mission", 45th International SPIE’s Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, SPIE Proceeding Series 4093, San Diego, CA, USA.
[15] Brunello P., (1993). "Solar pressure evaluation on large reflectors for space applications", Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 9, n. 10, p. 787-795, J. Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK.
[16] Brunello P., (1987). "Transfer Function Method for daylighting calculations", in "Advances in Solar Energy Technology", Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
[17] McGrattan K. B., Baum H. R.., Rehm R. G., Forney G. P., Prasad K. (2002). “Future of Fire Simulation”, Fire Protection Engineering, n. 13, p. 24-36.
[18] Baggio P., Bonacina C., Schrefler B. A., (1997). “Some considerations about modeling heat and mass transfer in porous media”, Transport in Porous Media, vol. 28, p. 233-251.
[19] Baggio P., Campanale M., Moro L., (2001). “Analytical and experimental investigations on the transient heat transfer process in moist wood wool slabs”, Journal of Thermal Environment and Building Science, vol. 24, n.3, p. 211-225.
[20] Baggio P., Maiorana C. E., Schrefler B. A., (1995). “Thermo-hygro-mechanical analysis of concrete”, Int. Journal of Numerical Methods in Fluids, 20, p. 573-595.
[21] Gawin D., Baggio P., Schrefler B. A., (1995). “Coupled heat, water and gas flow in deformable porous media”, Int. Journal of Numerical Methods in Fluids, 20, p. 969-987.
[22] Gawin D., Majorana C.E., Pesavento F., Schrefler B.A, (1998). “A fully coupled multiphase FE model of hygro-thermo-mechanical behaviour of concrete at high temperature”, Computational Mechanics., Onate E. and Idelsohn S.R. (eds.).
[23] Gawin D., Majorana C.E., Schrefler B. A., (1999). “Numerical analysis of hygro-thermic behaviour and damage of concrete at high temperature”, Mech. Cohes.-Frict. Mater. 4: 37-74.
[24] Gawin D., Pesavento F., Schrefler B.A. (2002). “Simulation of Damage - Permeability Coupling in Hygro-Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Concrete at High Temperature”, Commun. Numer. Meth. Engrg., Vol. 18, p. 113-119.
[25] Gawin D., Pesavento F., Schrefler B.A. (2002). “Modelling of Hygro-Thermal Behaviour and Damage of Concrete at Temperature Above the Critical Point of Water”, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., Vol. 26, p. 537-562.
[26] Gawin D., Pesavento F., B.A. Schrefler B.A. (2003). “Modelling of hygro-thermal behaviour of concrete at high temperature with thermo-chemical and mechanical material degradation”, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., Vol. 192, p. 1731-1771.
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[30] Baggio P., Bonacina C., Campanale M., Moro L., (2002). "Analisi del comportamento termico di un pannello in fibra di legno di bassa densità ad elevati contenuti di umidità", Atti del 57° Congresso Nazionale ATI, Pisa, Vol. I, p. 57-64.
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Keywords
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, THERMOFLUIDDYNAMICS, RISK ASSESSMENT, FIRE, TUNNEL

Prediction of thermo-fluid-dynamic and structural effects of tunnel fires, for risk analysis and emergency management

Università degli Studi di Padova
Abstract
Since a long time tunnels are very attractive for easier communications (by road or rail) in presence of natural obstacles (such as mountains and rivers) or even existing urban areas. Not surprisingly, Italy with its peculiar orographic conformation and geographic positioning, has the highest European tunnel lenght (more than 1900 km, not including city metro tunnels), equal to 27% of the European total. However, in parallel with an always increasing interest for underground transportation structures, there is also an increasing concern for possible fire emergencies occurring inside tunnels, taking into account the peculiar geometry of such infrastructures and the intrinsic risk of many freights.
Therefore, continuing a research activity started in 2004 within a PRIN Project, this new research Project aimed to maintain the effective links established among several Italian research groups which are very active in different fields related to tunnel fires, ranging from combustion to fluid-dynamics, from thermo-structural problems to construction technologies and ventilation systems.
The strict cooperation among these groups, each bringing its know-how, will allow not only for studying all the different aspects the fire scenario, strictly interrelated to each other, but especially for developing an unitary approach for risk assessment and safety planning, as requested by designers, traffic managers and local authorities.

Principal Investigator
Pierfrancesco Brunello Università degli Studi di PADOVA
Research Objectives
As already mentioned, this Research Project will be addressed to proceed in the research field already dealt with during previous activities financed by MIUR for the years 2004-2006, with the scientific coordination of prof. P. Brunello.
In this regard, several changes have been also introduced, both in the Units participating to the Project, and in the researchers involved; thus, specific competences have been added, especially in the fields of electrical and ventilation systems and in the area of risk assessment and emergency management.
The main activities will be briefly described hereafter, but the reader will certainly find more information in the B Models of the various Research Units.
From the very beginning of the biennal activity, the various numerical models will be upgraded and accompanied by suitable experimental measurements, in order to provide the necessary input data and also to validate the numerical results against experimental data.
Starting from combustion phenomena, the Unit of TRENTO (prof. Baggio) is planning to gain a better knowledge of the behavior of materials during a fire both trough experimental investigations and by extending the capabilities of the numerical model previously developed. Such aim will be pursued by experimental analyses of pyrolysis taking place during the heating phase of materials affected by open fire: this activity will be carried out by heating the materials according to a preprogrammed >>>

Timescale
24 months
National and international background
It is well known that for obtaining reliable analyses of tunnel fires, various phenomena related to different research fields have to be considered at the same time.
Traditionally, fluid-dynamics is certainly dominant when tunnel fires are analysed, because of the strong effects of fire on temperature and nature of the fluids involved (fresh air and combustion products). This situation is also due to the fact that fluid-dynamics is important also for the simulation of tunnels under normal operative conditions, since the evaluation of the air quality is often required.
For this purpose classical semi-empirical relationships, based on the energy and mass balance of ducts, have been used for a long time. Some applications of this kind have been proposed also by international institutions, for instance the “Centre d’Études des Tunnels (CETU)” in France.
Recently, since computational resources drastically improved, the possibilities offered by the so-called CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) have been often emphasized. In fact, nowadays several CFD codes are available, both for general purposes and specifically for fluid-dynamic analyses of tunnels (also during fire). One of the most important dedicated software is SOLVENT, developed by ASHRAE in the framework of the “Memorial Tunnel Fire Ventilation Test Program” [1].
However, in spite of the above mentioned improvements of computational capabilities, CFD analyses still require considerable resources >>>