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Bibliografia
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BELISARIO, M., FOLLIERI, M., SADORI, L. 1994, Nuovi dati archeobotanici sulla coltivazione di Vitis Vinifera L. ad Arslantepe (Malatya, Turchia), in MILANO L. (ed.) Drinking in Ancient Societies. History and Culture of Drinks in the Ancient Near East. Papers of a Symposium held in Rome, May 1990, Padova: 77-91
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Keywords
ECONOMIC CENTRALISATION, ORIGINS AND EARLY PALATIAL SYSTEMS, MATURE STATES, ARSLANTEPE-MALATYA (ANATOLIA ORIENTALE), MERSIN (CILICIA), MONASTIRAKI (CRETA), HITTITE EMPIRE, PALEOETHNOBOTANY-AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY, ARCHAEOMETRY-CRAFT AND WEALTH ECONOMY

Economy and Power: An analysis of forms of central control over the economy, from the earliest hierachical communities to the palatial societies in Anatolia and the Aegean (5th to 2nd millennium BC).

Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza"
Abstract
The research will examine the nature and characteristics of the earliest centralised economies in the Near East between the fourth in the second millennium BC, also identifying the salient features of their origins in the behaviour of the early fifth millennium élites and the changes evidenced in their productive activities, in coincidence with their emergence. The results of research conducted in recent years into the administration and the sophisticated practices of the centralised management of goods in early state contexts has raised new questions, and opened up new prospects for investigating the nature of the "palace economies", their level of interference in the population's basic economic and productive fabric, their development dynamics and the structural differences which developed in different historical and geographic/environmental Near Eastern contexts.
The main theme of the research will be the nature of the goods that were centralised, and the importance of the management of primary goods (land, food, livestock) in the palace economy in comparison with its control over craft production and trade. The investigation will begin by assessing the relationship between these two fundamental production sectors in a context of the early formation of the hierarchies.
Crucial issues will include redistribution, and the characteristics of redistribution depending upon the socio-economic contexts which practised it, and the role of >>>

Principal Investigator
Marcella Frangipane Università degli Studi di ROMA "La Sapienza"
Research Objectives
The project will be designed to address the questions that were raised in connection with the constant increase in new masses of data on sites that provide substantial evidence of economic centralisation both in its premises (Chalcolithic Mersin in the 5th millennium BC), its formative phase (fourth millennium Arslantepe) and more evolved phases (Hittite Anatolia and Minoan Crete). Moreover, the new understanding that we have about the central administrative management procedures and the discovery of the existence in the pre-writing phase (in the palatial complex at Arslantepe) of a highly sophisticated system of centralised goods management which form the focus of the public activities in the palace, have given a further impetus to the research, so that it is now addressing new issues of a more economic than administrative nature (what were the goods that were centrally managed, and which was the economy that supported the formation of the early "states"?). The recovery of an increasing amount of information directly in the field, potentially forming databanks of extreme importance in terms of both quality and quality, for the purpose of an analysis in economic terms, has made it possible to plan a truly palaeo-economic research with innovative objectives and methods. One of the methodological keys for this project is its interdisciplinary character, both between the humanistic disciplines (archaeology with philology and history; a diachronic comparison between >>>

Timescale
24 months
National and international background
Studies of ancient economies have focused almost exclusively on contexts documented by written and historiographical sources, especially those relating to the Graeco-Roman world. The conceptual tools have either been models built up around modern economies, adapted or projected onto much more archaic and pre-mercantile organisations, or around models that have been specifically constructed in order to recognise the "diversity" of archaic economic systems, in which the "economy" - production and trading relations - was given less explicit form, and was sometimes mediated by non-economic relations. This latter type of approach was introduced by Karl Polanyi and the substantivists who, half a century ago, had drawn the attention of anthropologist, economists and historians of antiquity to the substantially different role of the economy in precapitalist and pre-mercantile societies. Even taking account of the well-known criticisms that these studies drew from traditional economists and neo-Marxist scholars, and despite the theoretical weaknesses of an approach that took little account of the productive aspects, by emphasising the circulation of goods (which are only part, and the final outcome, of the economic process as a whole) they have made an enormous contribution towards laying the conceptual foundations of a new method of viewing early economies and societies. The theoretical possibility, introduced by the substantivists, to recognise the economic >>>