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Bibliografia
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Web Site: http://www.shawbak.net/
Keywords
ARCHAEOLOGY FO THE POWER, MEDIEVAL HISTORY, MEDITERRANEAN, PETRA, SHAWBAK, ARCHAEOMETRY, ITC, EURO MEDITERRANEAN RELATIONSHIP, RESTAURATION

Mediterranean Lords: archaeology of the power in ‘medieval’ Transjordan. The case of the Shawbak (Crac de Montréal)

Università degli Studi di Firenze
Abstract
The project analyzes the material structures of territorial control developed by the feudal aristocracy in the Mediterranean Middle Ages through the case study of the Crusader-Ayyubid settlement in Shawbak and in the area of Petra (Jordan). The research programme avails of recent European and Italian experiences of ‘light archaeology’ carried out by the staff of the Chair of Medieval Archaeology of the University of Florence.
Between 11th and 13th centuries phenomena of rationalization and resetting of the political-administrative framework developed all over the Latin Mediterranean, pulverised in a myriad of local lordships until then.
This same phenomenon of formation of larger territorial lordships was exported to some degree from European feudality to the Mediterranean east, and in particular to Transjiordan, with the Crusades.
It was a momentous time connoted by an expansive process of the European civilization, both within its continental borders, and with the start of intra-Mediterranean colonial politics: a true founding process of modern Euro–Mediterranean assets.
The foreseen research project will study the very process that brought the territorial lordship to light, not in the places in which it firstly originated and consolidated thanks to the power of the greatest aristocratic houses, but rather in the Mediterranean territories where the lordly power extended thanks to the Crusader conquests and in which, as the case of Shawbak >>>

Principal Investigator
Guido Vannini Università degli Studi di FIRENZE
Research Objectives
The project takes advantage of studies undertaken by the same research team using criteria, methods and experiences of historical ‘light archaeology’ developed in the last twenty years of research, together with the newest acquisitions in the field. The project aims at analysing the material structures of control of the territory used by the rural aristocracy of the Mediterranean Middle Ages (Fig. 1).


Fig. 1. Map of current archaeological projects devoted to the study of the Mediterranean feudal society (‘University of Florence Strategic Project’)


Such methodologies and interpretative theories will be applied to a historical-archaeological programme of research aiming at studying settling structures and dynamics of the Mediterranean feudal society in the sample area of Crusader-Ayyubid Transjordan (Fig. 2), already a selected case-study since many years by the same team with the “Medieval Petra Project…” focused on the ‘incastellamento’ of 12th century Petra valley.


Fig. 2. Crusader 'Incastellamento' in Petra and in the Lordship of Transjordan

The foreseen study on the base of results of the previous scientific program, will analyze the extraordinary 'stratigraphic observatory' of the archaeological-monumental complex of the castle of Shawbak, the Crac de Montréal of King Baldwin 1st (Fig. 3); one of the very few sites founded by the Europeans subsequently >>>

Timescale
24 months
National and international background
This project refers to the current re-definition of present post-classical - particularly medieval - archaeological practice. A scientific re-definition which in Italy presents peculiar features within a European framework and has several aspects which concern its cultural foundation (Hodder; Renfrew, Bhan) and its methodology. The cultural framework of this project is the use of the discipline as it derives from the recent practice of historical archaeology (Mannoni, Harris, Barker, Carver, Carandini, Leonardi) and from specific experiences of different components of the project. The project team has already a long experience in the region (Transjordan) and the project will benefit from the relationships with other sectors that are specialising (which we might call generically define 'archaeometric': Leute, Mannoni-Molinari; but see, for instance, the procedures of environment archaeology, and those of the archaeology of upstanding structures) or are proposing an innovative approach (as the information technology applications, which have a significant importance in our proposal). From a methodological point of view, therefore, the contribution of the computer sector consists of operations as field data entry, XML based dataset creation (v. Drap Vannini e Seinturier Drap Vannini 2005) with collected data, real-time data entry and processing through up-to-date communicational technologies such as wireless data networks (see the recent conference organised in march >>>