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INIZIO_TESTO_DA_INDICIZZARE

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Bibliografia
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Keywords
PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY OF ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY, HELLENISTIC PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY OF IDEAS

The birth of the European individual: the subject of infividuality as a philosophical problem

Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II"
Abstract
The quest for the mediterranean roots of western philosophic culture is part of the research aimed at a reflection on our identity of moderns. Such a reflection aims to detect some thought categories founded in ancient and classical times from the peoples in the metiterranean area and study them in their historical development, in the texstual contexts of ancient and high medieval philosophy. One of of the se categories of thought is that of the "individual" and our research will focus on this very category. One of its first development entails a study on the linguistica nature of this category that would possibly point out the history of those key terms of philosophical reasoning that, on various grounds, show the individual in its specific characteristic. First of all "atomos" and "stoicheion". Than "eidos", and "Hypokeimenon". We will then proceed to the identification of the conditions that allow the ancent culture to think of the analogy between individual elements of language and individual elements of the real world, with a particular reference to Democritus and Plato. The "eidos" will be analized in the following dialogues of Plato: Cratylus, Theaethetus, Parmenides, Sophist, Timaeus. The appearences of the term "Hypokeimenon" in the contexts of Aristotle's Organon, of the Physics and Metaphisics works of Aristotle will be considered. The question of the definition of the ontological statute >>>

Principal Investigator
Giovanni Casertano Università degli Studi di NAPOLI "Federico II"
Research Objectives
The research aims can be divided in: middle term (I year) and long term (II year) aims. A middle term aim will be orginizing an international meeting in Naples. The meeting will not only engage the members of the research group, but also English, French and German experts whose scientific texts constitute, together with those of the italian scholars, the state of the art on the research's specific subject. The idea is to foresee 3 days in which the first partial outcomings of the single local unities will
be compared. This checking means is expected to produce results in terms of harmonisation: each of the local units will have contributed to the building of a specific feature (linguistic-semantic, historical-philosofic, antropological and ethic-politic) of the research: the mediterranean roots of our philosophical culture will then be literally "reconstructed"
by fixing the partial results, that will at the same time be a check of the very procedures folowed by scholars. The dialectic comparison of the partial results and from the project design of the compared outcomings will give birth to a new "status quaestionis" that will allow to select only those paths, issues and further developments that will have proved to be able to get results aimed to the widening of the knowledge on the analized issues. The long term aim is the publication of a bilingual volume that will show the scientific community the research's poutcomings that >>>

Timescale
24 months
National and international background
The national scientific starting point is made up first of all from the set of volumes published from all the research group memebers that have been engaging themselves for years in the thorough examination of issues strongly linked to the research subject. A new reading of Plato’s dialogues has been arranged, which could on one hand give the right value to the influences that presocratic thought, tragical theatre and sofistic philosophy had on Plato, on the other the heritage of platonism that can be
detected in Aristotle, the ellenism, neoplatonism and high medieval thougth.
The international scientific starting point will be explained through a differentiation of the reference issues.
As for the question of the relationship between individual features of language and individual features of the real world, starting from the Seventies of last century it was detected in Plato (Burkert, Derbolav, Genette, Joly, Mugler, Gallop, Druart, Ryle,Trevaskis, Fine) the specificity of a reflection that develops the changes of meaning that the term "stoicheion" implies when it’s meant as a phisical element on one side, and underlines the magnitude of possible comparisons between the alphabetic system that produces the linguistic sense and the physiscal system that produces the perceptible phenomena on the other side. The birth of "stoicheiology" as a new hermeneutical category to be applied to platonism can be placed in the II half of the 1970s >>>