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RESEARCH PROGRAM

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Research Units
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Scientific and education field classification
International Patent Classification
  • ELECTRICITY
    • GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
      • APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables in general, e.g. using transformers, reactors or choke coils, combination of such systems with static converters G05F; [N: digital function or clock generators] for digital computers G06F1/00, [N: G06F1/025, G06F1/04]; transformers H01F; connection or control of one converter with regard to conjoint operation with a similar or other source of supply H02J; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P; pulse generators H03K [N: ; Static converters specially adapted for igniting or operating discharge lamps H05B41/28]) [C0311]
      • CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY (for digital computers G06F1/18; circuits or apparatus for the conversion of electric power, arrangements for control or regulation of such circuits or apparatus H02M; interrelated control of several motors, control of a prime-mover/generator combination H02P; control of high-frequency power H03L; additional use of power line or power network for transmission of information H04B)
  • PHYSICS
    • MEASURING (counting G06M); TESTING
      • MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME (milk flow sensing devices in milking machines or devices A01J5/01; measuring or recording blood flow A61B5/02, A61B8/06; metering media to the human body A61M5/168; burettes or pipettes B01L3/02; arrangements of liquid volume meters or volume-flow meters in liquid-delivering apparatus, e.g. for retail sale purposes, B67D5/16; pumps, fluid motors, details common to measuring or metering devices and pumps or fluid motors F01 to F04; [N: sampling G01N1/00]; locating, determining distance or velocity using reflection or reradiation of radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S; systems for ratio control G05D11/00; [N: coin-freed apparatus for metering flow of liquid or gas G07F15/00]) [C9607]
    • MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
      • MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (aspects of automatic actuation G10F; combinations of microphones, pick-ups or amplifiers with musical instruments G10H; sound-producing devices not regarded as musical instruments or parts thereof G10K)
Geographical classification
Keywords
ELECTRICAL ENERGY METERS, INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS, METROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION, METROLOGICAL CONFIRMATION, ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY MEASUREMENTS

New methodological approach and innovative instrumentation for the characterization of energy meters opearting also in non sinusoidal conditions.

Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli
Abstract
Though they play a crucial role in spheres of extreme significance from both the economical and technological point of view, electrical energy measurements and calibration of the related instrumentation still present unresolved technical and theoretical issues related to the request of guaranteeing metrological traceability through classical approaches. Difficulties originate from the wide spread of non-linear and time-varying appliances and general equipment that generate a host of electromagnetic disturbances, generally known as “power quality phenomena,” that flow through the electrical network making it unlikely to work under its nominal conditions. As a consequence, during normal operation the entire measurement chain devoted to the traceable computation of the absorbed electrical energy must cope with operational conditions that are pretty different from the nominal ones, upon which the measurement system has been designed.
Nonetheless, there is no reference to such scenarios in current Italian and international standards, which require that electrical energy measurement devices be calibrated only under sinusoidal conditions, but for some peculiar cases in which distortions are also taken into account. As for actual operational conditions, technical standards therefore lack an appropriate definition and management of such metrological items as: definition of measurement metric; choice and configuration of instrumentation; definitions of the methods for >>>

Principal Investigator
Carmine Landi Seconda Università degli Studi di NAPOLI
Research Objectives
The aim of the proposed project is the implementation of new methodologies and innovative instrumentation for the "harmonized metrological qualification" of energy meters that could allow both the simplification of the procedures for metrological confirmation required by MID and the billing unification for the consumer. The project provides various coordinated research activities among the different research units (OU). For the sake of clarity the following themes will be classified: (i) definition of metrics, (ii) development of instrumentation (iii) metrological characterization and testing.
Theme 1:
Starting from the absence of reference for active and reactive power in non sinusoidal conditions, this theme proposes the study of a possible harmonization of the different metrics for active and reactive energy and power factor measurements proposed in literature and adopted by the industrial community. The aim is to define a suitable metric that, taking into account the actual regime in which the energy meter is involved, will allow referable energy estimation with the lower measurement uncertainty. Many scientific references, technical standards, general specifications, legal metrology standards, recommendations of the authority for electricity and gas and directives of the European community deal with this theme. The different metrics they propose will be studied, tested and related to the power quality indexes in order to find correlation >>>

First Results
The result of the research project, certainly more ambitious, is the definition of a measuring metric and a resulting test protocol that can serve as a reference for a new harmonized standard both for type approval and metrological confirmation of electric energy meters, also operating on electricity networks with low levels of quality. This ambitious outcome would make transparent the operations of measurement made by modern electronic energy meters and restore users confidence about about the proper allocation of charge even in the presence of non-sinusoidal conditions.
The first expected result is certainly to reach a measurement metric valid in sinusoidal, deformed and unbalanced conditions. In this regard, the various metrics proposals at the international level, even if show partial agreement when measuring active energy, are totally different in the definition of reactive power and power factor. These two values are used as cost parameters in price setting for energy billing. The only timid standardization attempt, is represented by the IEEE 1459-2000, which defines many parameters of the power / energy, usable for other purposes such as penalty and power quality evaluation. The measuring metrics provided in the literature and those suggested by national and international standards, including that above cited, provide results of the measure reactive energy and power factor severely dependent on voltage and current waveform. It is therefore of great interest to >>>

Timescale
24 months
National and international background
The electrical energy measurement and the definition of the issues of instrumentation calibration is currently one of the most complex aspects of the electrical metrology, both for the inability to carry out direct measurements, and the difficulty of guaranteeing in the traditional form a proper metrological traceability. This often translates in procedural deficiencies in the management of equipments and measurements that affect important metrological aspects such as the choice and metrological confirmation of instrumentation, the measurement process and the estimation of uncertainty. Alongside this, the electrical energy measurement is more important for many commercial transactions as the power consumption billing, the penalties infliction and the estimation of additional energy needs and it represents a fundamental milestone to the development of a free electric energy market. The availability of correct energy measurements may grant the government intervention of the authority of the public utility service regulation. In addition the 2004/22/CE MID directive expects the metrological confirmation of energy meters in operative conditions very close to the real ones. This is an important novelty with respect to the past since the actual CEI standards only consider sinusoidal regime and, only in one of the cases they impose the use of an additional current and voltage fifth harmonic.
At the same time, the deregulation of the electrical industry and the expansion of >>>